To demonstrate this, we first used the
waviness index in the contracted state for each squid and calculated (see Fig.
It can be easily noticed that the profiles are dependent on the section plane position through the examined surface and include the three statistical characteristics: texture,
waviness and roughness (Fig.
s] and the severity of the corrugation
waviness, [gamma].
Roughness and
waviness of the cants were measured using a MTI Microtrack system 7000 provided with two MT-250 sensor laser heads.
It could simply be that most effects of bell parameters on surface
waviness are masked by the nonelectrostatically applied paint layer.
Traditional surface finish analysis consists mainly of studying the surface texture, consisting of roughness and
waviness (Fig.
Some of the challenges include inconsistent material thickness, board
waviness and high sheet counts per book, which make it very difficult to load with a conventional push feed system.
By employing a non-contact confocal technique, users can visualize and measure 2-D and 3-D topographies, determine roughness and
waviness, and measure porosity and volume content with a high degree of quality and reliability.
Also, for all flow rates and all amplitude of wall
waviness, the heat transfer coefficient is higher near the channel entrance.
The windows are original and evince the
waviness that is a sign of aged glass.
Despite intensive heating, meniscus of the melt at distance 3-5 mm from the mould surface is in solid state, which is the reason of
waviness of the ingot surface and presence of flashes [6-8].
However, in this configuration, the instrument is not able to measure
waviness and stepped features in an exact way.
