Pole

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Pole

A unit of area equivalent to 1/320th of one square mile.

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During second cleavage, the macromere with most of the red cytoplasm failed to separate completely at its vegetal pole (Fig.

Novel embryogenesis in a nudibranch gastropod: segregation, expulsion, and abandonment of deeply pigmented egg cytoplasm

Why were muscle cell fates altered in compressed embryos and in small ME embryos produced from the vegetal pole region, whereas muscle cell fates were normal in ME embryos composed of 40%50% of the total egg volume?

p58, a cytoskeletal protein, is associated with muscle cell determinants in ascidian eggs

We hypothesize that SpAN operates in sea urchin embryos in a BMP4-like pathway which functions to limit the range of inductive influence emanating from the vegetal pole. In this way, the SpAN gene, through its regulation by maternal factors, could convert maternal spatial information into regulation of cell signaling along the AV-axis.

Fate specification along the sea urchin embryo animal-vegetal axis

A large depression, corresponding to the blastopore, appears at the vegetal pole 30-35 days after fertilization.

Completely direct development of Abatus cordatus, a brooding schizasterid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from Kerguelen, with description of perigastrulation, a hypothetical new mode of gastrulation

Injections were made within 10 [degrees] arc toward the vegetal pole from the equator within 6 min after fertilization.

Microtubule arrays during ooplasmic segregation in the medaka fish egg (Oryzias latipes)

Moreover, three microtubule poisons - colchicine, demecolcine, and nocodazole - inhibit the normal movement of oil droplets toward the vegetal pole, eliminate the saltatory motion of small inclusions, and slow the growth of the blastodisc: eggs treated with [Beta]-lumicolchicine, an inactive derivative of colchicine, segregated normally (Abraham et al., 1993a).

Microtubule-based movements during ooplasmic segregation in the medaka fish egg (Oryzias latipes)

obs.), with a cap of ooplasm forming at the animal pole and the oil droplets segregating toward the vegetal pole.

Responses of the medaka fish egg (Oryzias latipes) to the photolysis of microinjected nitrophenyl-EGTA, a photolabile calcium chelator

Cells in the vegetal pole region invaginated in a manner similar to that seen in Boltenia villosa gastrulae.

Direct development in the ascidian Molgula retortiformis (Verrill, 1871)

The results illustrated in Figure 1B (a representative example; n = 12), confirm the earlier findings from the animal pole (3) and the vegetal pole (2).

Oscillations in free /Ca2+~i during early cell division cycles in Xenopus laevis embryos

We plan to use this technique, in combination with 4-D polarized light microscopy, to observe the behavior of spindles in compressed blastomeres in order to study the precise behavior of the spindle preceding a critical unequal cleavage and to explore the localized distribution of the vegetal pole determinant.

Mitosis, cleavage, and development of highly compressed sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) zygotes

Oocytes are paired at their vegetal poles following removal of their vitelline membranes and become electrically coupled via gap junctions.