These are also examined against the background of the development of
scientific management, both in Italy and elsewhere.
According to Frederick Winslow Taylor, a complete mental revolution is necessary for
scientific management to come into being.
Consideration of the contextual and institutional influences on HRM practices also moves some way towards explaining the dominance of
scientific management in US scholarship.
However,
scientific management proved to have less than universal appeal at ASME.
Leffington's vision of a white-collar work assembly line subject to the rigorous control of the factory floor was now within reach." Although that vision was rooted in the idea of
scientific management, the term was eschewed by business and its consultants; "reengineering" was substituted for it, the practice and culture of Taylorism being continued if transformed by new instrumentalities of measurement, control, and deskilling of the operator.
Taylor's seminal work--The Principles of
Scientific Management (source of all the following quotes)--was published in 1911.
The first link between industrial engineering and baseball dates back to the early days of professional baseball, with the application of
scientific management to the game.
After noting how Taylor's own accounts of the experiments changed from a 1901 presentation to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) to the message delivered at the 1903 ASME convention to the 1911 account provided in Principles of
Scientific Management, Wrege and Perroni suggested that Taylor had created a "pig-tale." In particular, the authors demonstrated that eight specific details reported by Taylor in his 1911 account of the experiments did not match evidence from other sources.
This increased influence meant responsibility for rationalizing the human components of these larger systems and was evident in the emergence and legitimacy of such movements as
scientific management. From engineering the production line, it was a small step to rationalize other activities of the organization with systems that promise d to reduce uncertainty by identifying and standardizing more efficient routines.
To understand Brandeis's enthusiasm for policy experimentation, one must look not to his attachment to federalism but rather to his interest in the development of scientifically based public policy and, in particular, his enthusiasm for
Scientific Management.
Part of our conditioning comes from Frederick Taylor and his early ideas of
scientific management. Taylor viewed companies and organizations as one big machine where everything is neatly predictable and people are but cogs in the system.