Comorbid diseases observed in our patients with Friedrich ataxia Comorbid diseases n % Cardiac problems Minimal mitral regurgitation + tricuspid regurgitation 2 5.4 Minimal mitral regurgitation 1 2.7 Cardiomyopathy 3 8.1 Congestive cardiac failure 3 8.1 Visual problems Optic atrophy 5 13 Nystagmus 2 6 Auditory problems Hearing loss 4 11 Speech disorder Dysarthria 33 89 Aphasia 1 3 Swallowing disorder Dysphagia 2 5.4 Cognitive disorder Cognitive dysfunction 7 18.9 Deformities and fracture
Pes cavus 15 40.5 Scoliosis 18 48.6 Kyphosis 16 43.2 Pes equinovarus 1 2.7 Genu recurvatum 13 35.1 Fracture 8 21.6 Mallet finger 4 10.8 Neurogenic bladder Hyperreflexic synergistic bladder 4 10.8 Hyperreflexic dyssynergistic bladder 1 2.7 Table 3.
The prevalence of
pes cavus using both the Chippaux-Smirak index and Clarke's angle decreases significantly with age.
[10.] Burns J, Crosbie J, Hunt A, Ouvrier R (2005) The effect of
pes cavus on foot pain and plantar pressure.
(17) Contrary to reports in the literature, our patient did not present with
pes cavus but rather presented with bilateral pes planus.
(68)
Pes cavus is present when the CTA is more horizontal than normal and the CIA exceeds 40[degrees].
Of patients with tethered spinal cord, 35% have bowel and/or bladder dysfunction.[14] Scoliosis, foot or leg length discrepancies,
pes cavus, and varus or valgus deformities also can occur.
For instance, veterans suffering from severe foot-deformity (such as severe hallux valgus and severe
pes cavus or shortening of a leg greater than 1 1/2") can receive custom-made orthopedic shoes.
The patient develops a
pes cavus foot, characterized by foot drop and hammer toes.
Malalingments were as follows: genu varum (n=26), genu valgum (n=6),
pes cavus (n=16), pes planus (n=2), and out-toeing (n=10).