marginal utility

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Related to marginal utility: Diminishing marginal utility, Total Utility

Marginal utility

The change in total satisfaction as a result of consuming one additional unit of a specific good or service.

Marginal Utility

In economics, the level of satisfaction a person derives from a good or service. Marginal utility is inherently subjective and thus difficult to measure, but it is important to determining how much supply of a product the market can handle without diminishing demand. Historically, it has been thought that one can quantify the marginal utility of each unit, but some economists disagree with this. See also: Austrian school, Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility.

marginal utility

the increase in satisfaction (UTILITY) a consumer derives from the use or CONSUMPTION of one additional (incremental) unit of a good or service in a particular time period. For example, if a consumer, having eaten three bars of chocolate, then eats a fourth bar, his TOTAL UTILITY will increase, and if he goes on to eat a fifth bar, his total utility will increase further. However, the marginal (incremental) utility derived from consuming the fifth bar of chocolate would tend not to be as great as the marginal utility from consuming the fourth bar, the consumer experiencing DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY as he becomes sated with the product.

Most goods and services are subject to diminishing marginal utility, with consumers being prepared to pay less for successive units of these products since they are yielding lower levels of satisfaction. This explains why the DEMAND CURVE for such products slopes downwards. See CARDINAL UTILITY, ORDINAL UTILITY, CONSUMER UTILITY, CONSUMER EQUILIBRIUM, PARETO OPTIMALITY, PARADOX OF VALUE.

References in periodicals archive ?

In the course of that notable integration of monetary theory and "micro" marginal utility theory, Mises was one of the very first to realize that subjective valuations of the consumer (and of laborers) on the market are purely ordinal, and are in no way measurable.

THE PLACE OF ECONOMIC CALCULATION IN THE ECONOMIC THEORY OF LUDWIG VON MISES

This will increase the marginal utility cost and simultaneously decrease the marginal utility benefit of a higher level of risky investment, leading to a reduction of a*.

RISK-TAKING-NEUTRAL BACKGROUND RISKS

In order to achieve the target policy [mathematical expression not reproducible] and [??] [equivalent to] 0, both marginal utility [p.sub.t] and promised utility [q.sub.t] are crucial for an implementable contract.

A Solvable Dynamic Principal-Agent Model with Linear Marginal Productivity

At this point, Samuelson observes, the concepts of 'utility' and 'marginal utility' collapse due to the fact that they are empty terms, adaptable to any circumstances and thus theoretically useless (Samuelson 1977: 92ff.).

REFLECTIONS ON NEOCLASSICAL THEORY AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

For both Pacific halibut and Chinook salmon trips, there was a decreasing positive mean marginal utility of the second fish in the bag limit ($55 and $40, respectively), while for coho salmon the mean marginal values of both the increase to 4 fish from 3 fish and to 6 fish from 4 fish in the bag limit were not different from zero statistically.

Stated Preferences of Alaska Resident Saltwater Anglers for Contemporary Regulatory Policies

Also, to ensure that individuals are responding based on state dependence in the marginal utility of consumption rather than on differential expectations about life expectancy, the question is clear that health and lifespan are not affected by the state in which they find themselves.

Heterogeneity in state-dependent utility: evidence from strategic surveys

The only way to make sense of this problem (with or without the words opportunity cost) is to convert goods into the marginal utility per dollar you derive from consuming them.

The rhetoric of opportunity cost

Given a monotonic mapping between marginal and average products, (13) we can easily infer from the increase in both marginal utility products that the two average utility products must also have increased consequent to an increase in N.

Theorising optimal population between the wars: the contribution of Australian economists

declining marginal utility; that declining marginal utility and risk

Modeling uncertainty in tax law

At the core of the concept of diminishing marginal utility is the assumption--contrary to ecological economics thinking--that a world with perpetual economic growth is feasible.

Confusion en la tasa de descuento: una perspectiva desde la economia ecologica

We show that in the model with retirement, like in the standard model without retirement, the agent's marginal utility of consumption is a martingale, which means the conditional expected change in its value is always zero.

Saving for retirement with job loss risk

The idea of the diminishing marginal utility of income in interpersonal comparisons is an example of this.

Wealth maximization: a reflection on the use of wealth as an indicator of social benefit