A landmark in our understanding of testicular
germ cell tumors occurred in the 1970s when, in a series of papers, Skakkebaek (2-5) convincingly demonstrated the intratubular cellular precursor to the great majority of
germ cell tumors of young men.
Germ cell tumours outside of the ovaries and testis are often birth defects resulting from errors during the development of the embryo.
KeyWords: Ovarian tumour, Ovarian mass, Surface epithelial tumours,
Germ cell tumours, Sex cord stromal tumours.
Establishment of oocyte population in the fetal ovary: primordial
germ cell proliferation and oocyte programmed cell death.
Nonseminoma
germ cell tumors are more aggressive in terms of early spread, have poorer prognosis in advanced stage disease, and are sensitive to platinum-based combination chemotherapy but less responsive to radiation, except for teratomas.
To demonstrate bivalent H3K4me3/ H3K27me3 chromatin of
germ cell samples, cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (CRABP1), growth differentiation factor 10 (GDF10), and gremlin 1 (GREM1) genes were chosen for illustration (Figure 4).
Based on these results, we developed a prognostic tool using PD-L1 on tumors and TILs independently of International
Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) criteria [41].
Takakura et al., "Primary intracranial
germ cell tumors: a clinical analysis of 153 histologically verified cases," Journal of Neurosurgery, vol.
Primary intracranial
germ cell tumors are neoplasms that predominantly occur within the pediatric population and account for 0-4-3.4% of primary intracranial tumors [7].
Temin, "Guideline summary ASCO clinical practice guideline on uses of serum tumor markers in adult males with
germ cell tumors part I: NSGCT," Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.
Identification of
germ cell by Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
Though the cause of ovarian teratomas is unknown, it has been discovered they arise from a single
germ cell.