Time and again, in cases involving state aid for parochial schools, the disagreement over whether to conceptualize the aid money as public or private boils down to the question of "incentive." In the same way, discourse over whether to conceive of the aid's purpose as public or private resolves itself into the issue of "
fungibility."
We discussed three ways to expand the
fungibility of identical cash flows and the substitutability of nearly identical liabilities.
Researchers in higher education finance likely have neglected
fungibility issues based on McPherson's and Schapiro's comment that when looking at the relationship between federal and institutional aid, "potential offsets are not important factors."(6) The comment was not accompanied by an explanation as to why their evidence did not fit their theory, only a statement that the issue deserves more systematic treatment.
The weights account for the differential impact on consumption of assets of varying
fungibility. (8) The model was scrutinized using a large suite of misspecification tests.
The
Fungibility model hypothesizes that a categorical grant recipient's effective post-grant budget constraint is unknown a priori and must therefore be estimated.
The
fungibility argument has long been the justification for attacks against the U.S.
Conversion of shares into IDRs under the
Fungibility Programme remains available on a continuous basis, the bank added.
If that happens will it create a
fungibility issue for Nasdaq Dubai when companies listed go for secondary listings on other international exchanges?
In addition, the secondary share listings on Nasdaq Dubai that have full
fungibility with their listings on other exchanges will remain in place.
(64) A second criterion for determining compliance involves the "
fungibility rule," which is set forth in Section 310(c) of the 1974 act.
Fungibility, Liquidity, and Quantification of Economic Value
The
fungibility approach recognizes that all activities require funds and their use, and that management has a great deal of flexibility as to source and use.