Chemoreceptor cells of the American lobster Homarus americanus distinguish between different chemical compounds, as well as their concentrations (1, 2, 3).
Temporal resolution in olfaction III: flicker fusion and concentration-dependent synchronization with stimulus pulse trains of antennular
chemoreceptor cells in the American lobster.
They arise from
chemoreceptor cells that accompany arnold's or Jacobson's Nerve and found in the middle ear or upper portion of jugular bulb or in both regions when they are called Glomus tympanicum.
Chemoreceptor cells are responsible for changes in blood pH, oxygen tension, and carbon dioxide content (JOHNSON, 1968; CAPEN, 2007).
I do not consider oxygen as a substrate for enzymes, sensing proteins, mitochondria, or
chemoreceptor cells.