The fish
biotoxin known as ciguatera poison occurs as a result of a food chain mechanism in many reef-associated fish in tropical areas, the Caribbean, and Pacific Islands.
While mast cells are involved in the production of TGF-[beta]1 (transforming growth factor beta 1; another marker commonly evaluated in those with
biotoxin illness), MOW has not observed a correlation with dietary changes leading to reduction in TGF-[beta]1 on the same scale as what has been observed clinically with MMP-9.
According to Vera Trainer, a scientist at the NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center in Seattle, "Understanding how and where harmful algal blooms originate will help provide early warnings to protect human health and reduce the impact of
biotoxins on coastal shellfisheries."
Triggered in response to discoveries during import inspections, most EU alerts were the due to the presence of
biotoxins or worrying bacteriological analyses.
He postulates that the
biotoxins from microbes block one or more of the eight enzymes of heme synthesis.
Each of these groups has concerns about specific contaminants (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls,
biotoxins, pesticides, and methyl-mercury) in seafood they eat regularly.
(1) Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (2) Technische Universitat Munchen, Walther-Meifiner-Strafie 3,85748 Garching, Germany; (3) Marine
Biotoxin Department, Mar del Plata Regional Laboratory, Agri-food Health and Quality National Service (Senasa), Argentina
Laboratory evaluation necessarily includes tests for many classes of infection, a full medical workup with CBC with differential, CMP, UA, HLA typing for
biotoxin illness, methylation genetic profiling, hypercoagulability evaluation, inflammatory cytokines, and autoimmune makers.
Effective
biotoxin management and full use of shellfish resources is severely hampered by the remote and rugged coastline that encompasses more than 1.7 million [km.sup.2].
The marine
biotoxin domoic acid (DA), produced by the cosmopolitan diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, is responsible for causing amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).
BFAR Leyte provincial director Julius Alpino said that laboratory results of the Regional Marine
Biotoxin Laboratory disclosed that the red tide toxins in the coastal areas of Cancabato Bay iare now beyond the regulatory limit.