The
voluntary export restraints of the 1980s in autos and steel, for example, were administered by the exporting countries.
The
voluntary export restraints (VERs) of the 1980s in autos and steel, for example, were administered by the exporting countries.
For example, past studies have shown that corporate export behavior which portended the introduction of
voluntary export restraints did have a brief, but large, impact on supply and demand in the market (gAnticipatory Effects of
Voluntary Export Restraints: A Study of Home Video Cassette Recorders Marketh, by Hiroshi Ohashi, Journal of International Economics, 2002).
He discusses the challenges involved in reforms, adjusting to the rapidly shifting external environment of the 1970s and 1980s, and growth from 1972-2006; trade policies, market structure, and market access, including pricing policy under double market power, the influence of increased foreign competition on industrial concentration and profitability, the effects of trade reforms on scale and technical efficiency,
voluntary export restraints, and NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement); the political economy of regional trade agreements and migration; and globalization and environmental policies.
The Canadian state worried that if the US successfully negotiated
voluntary export restraints, Japan would simply channel its exports to Canada, overwhelming its small domestic market.
of Virginia) introduces key concepts of international economics through contemporary headlines often of interest to students, incorporating a simplified account of the Melitz model, two offshoring models, and the Kala Krishna theory of
voluntary export restraints.
domestically produced automobiles and, hence, that Japanese
voluntary export restraints were not binding; pre-1986 results are inconclusive, but consistent with binding
voluntary export restraintsIncluded here are import-licensing schemes, antidumping duty actions, tariff-rate quotas, price actions, import quotas, and
voluntary export restraints (VERs).
1) Product quality is a strategic variable for the firm that can be influenced by trade policy [Levinsohn, 1988; Feenstra, 1993] and especially by quotas or
Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs).
According to Anderson (1992) antidumping actions are often used as a tactical tool by countries to foster
voluntary export restraints.
He ably portrays the costs of AD duties and of the
voluntary export restraints that preceded them, and he notes that other countries (including developing ones) have started imitating the United States by imposing similar duties.
