FTAs with Malaysia and Sri Lanka also witnessed growth in terms of
tax expenditure as cost of revenue came out at Rs2.4bn and Rs3.162bn, respectively.
It would also highlight issues of environment, contingent liabilities,
tax expenditure as well as economic and social indicators.
Studies have been conducted on the relationship between total costs to the state (via direct investment in social programs) and indirect financing through
tax expenditures. Faricy and Ellis (2014) monitored both financing methods and their impacts on social programs and discovered that
tax expenditure incentives generated higher support for these programs.
While on the one hand this could provide the necessary political support for reducing, eliminating or targeting tax breaks, on the other it would require the government to allocate what otherwise would have been
tax expenditure to primary care (prevention) and secondary care (tests, specialist consultations and outpatient surgery) to substantially improve access to and use of the SUS.
It will also highlight issues of environment, contingent liabilities,
tax expenditure as well as economic and social indicators.
The DOF also wanted to 'mandate the inclusion of all taxes in the computation of
tax expenditure, including VAT and local taxes.'
The tax writers have indicated that their primary target is to eliminate the deduction for all state and local taxes, a
tax expenditure that reduces federal revenue by about $100 billion a year (Joint Committee 2017).
In fact, the distinction between a
tax expenditure and straight-up spending is sometimes meaningless.
While the behaviorist account sees the presence of an infra-marginal subsidy as evidence of a
tax expenditure's failure, the expressivist and desert-based alternatives see it as evidence of success.
Part II explains the concept of a
tax expenditure. Part III argues that claims under the FCA should include fraud relating to government spending in the form of
tax expenditures.
The spouse and equivalent to married
tax expenditure of $1.8 billion annually subsidizes couples in which one partner earns little.
Lowering of company tax, which caused a one-time
tax expenditure of ILS114m, was attributed to the bank's fall in profits.
