p16INK4a marker used in this study shows over expression which is noted in all dysplastic lesions of cervix as well as in invasive cervical carcinoma, thus depicting it as a reliable marker for identification of dysplastic and malignant lesions of cervix and also as a
surrogate marker for HPV detection.
Bjarnason, "
Surrogate markers of intestinal inflammation are predictive of relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease," Gastroenterology, vol.
Despite these successes, few studies have evaluated the predictability of BMI, Hb, and TLC as
surrogate markers to CD4 counts in Ghana.
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid intima- media thickness (IMT) are well accepted noninvasive
surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis.
In the past decade PCT was established as a
surrogate marker for bacterial infection not only because of quicker metabolism than CRP but also for better specificity in detection of bacterial infection.
The FDA must approve a
surrogate marker. Examples of approved
surrogate markers include lower cholesterol level without evidence of survival benefits in heart patients; lower blood glucose levels without evidence of diabetic complications or survival benefits; and lower blood pressure without evidence of benefit for strokes, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or survival.
GloGerm (GloGerm Company, Moab, UT, USA), a benign, synthetic, organic colorant A-594-5 that fluoresces under a black light, was used as a
surrogate marker for an avian pathogen.
But the
surrogate marker responses did not translate into a clinical benefit.
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ reports that first-ever clinical evidence shows Certican (everolimus - RAD) has significant potential to reduce graft vasculopathy, a
surrogate marker for chronic rejection in heart transplant recipients.
The report's authors concluded, "This research raises doubt about whether parental rating of a child's pain is an appropriate
surrogate marker in pediatric pain and analgesic research."
Looking for a breakthrough -- a treatment good enough to be, in effect, approved by acclamation -- means we would not have to wait to solve the problem of immune-based
surrogate markers, which will probably take years (and may be essentially unsolvable, if an effective immune-based treatment must first be proven by clinical endpoints before a
surrogate marker can be established).
MassTrace intends to use this IP to validate its new metaprobe paradigm, which links a
surrogate marker and a therapeutic drug to achieve faster, smaller, and more successful clinical trials.