Qualified domestic trust

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Qualified Domestic Trust

A trust into which the trustor deposits funds and other assets to provide for a surviving, non-U.S. citizen spouse while also maintaining control of what happens to those assets after the surviving spouse dies. In a Q-DOT, the trustor names his/her surviving spouse as beneficiary and provides that income and/or principal from the trust shall pass to that spouse upon the trustor's death. This enables the surviving spouse to avoid estate taxes to which the non-American spouse would otherwise be subject. See also: Q-TIP.

Qualified domestic trust (QDOT).

If your spouse isn't a US citizen and your estate is large enough to risk being vulnerable to estate taxes, you can use a qualified domestic trust (QDOT) to allow your spouse to enjoy the benefit of the marital deduction until his or her own death.

In short, the marital deduction means that one spouse can leave the other all his or her assets free of estate tax. The inherited assets become part of the estate of the surviving spouse, and unless the combined value is less than the exempt amount, estate tax could be due at the death of that spouse.

The difference, with a QDOT, is that at the death of the surviving, noncitizen spouse, the assets in the trust don't become part of his or her estate, but are taxed as if they were still part of the estate of the first spouse to die. Income distributions from the trust are subject to income tax alone, but distributions of principal may be subject to estate tax.

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* Property passing to qualified domestic trusts (QDOTs) or passing to a QDOT by irrevocable assignment by a noncitizen spouse before the decedent's estate tax return is filed can qualify for the marital deduction.