Study 1 used the IRAP and self-report measures to investigate social attitudes toward smokers and
nonsmokers in adults.
Similar study conducted by NS Neki et alPl where mean [+ or -] SD in smokers and
nonsmokers were 181+28.
Editor's Note: "Additional large, well-conducted studies are needed to clarify whether metformin may be used to prevent lung or other cancers, particularly in specific subpopulations, such as
nonsmokers," said Sakoda.
Statistical analysis comparing smokers with
nonsmokers determined that smokers had a twice higher death rate (mortality rate ratio 1.
In addition, current smokers had a higher risk of MACE than did
nonsmokers (P less than .
They found that, compared with
nonsmokers, secondhand smokers had a higher measure of insulin resistance, a condition that can lead to Type 2 diabetes; higher levels of fasting blood glucose, or blood sugar; and a higher hemoglobin A1c, a measure of blood sugar control over the past three months.
What's more,
nonsmokers making between $60,000 and $90,000 per year have higher well-being than smokers in the top income bracket.
Smokers also report more caffeine use than
nonsmokers.
Older children whose parents smoke get bronchitis and pneumonia more often than the children of
nonsmokers.
Significant differences in ratings of smokers and
nonsmokers emerged on every individual dimension assessed.
Only smoke-free environments effectively protect
nonsmokers from secondhand smoke exposure in indoor spaces.
Peter Laurberg, a professor of endocrinology at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark, reported on 140 subjects with spontaneous hypothyroidism; 42 were current smokers, 47 were previous smokers, and 51 were
nonsmokers.
