Incumbent Nancy Starr is not running for re-election);
First Circuit Public Defender, where
incumbent James Owens faces Bruce A.
Also in Santa Clarita,
incumbents Suzan Solomon and Michael Shapiro were running ahead of challengers Christy Smith and Donald Rimac.
The most obvious evidence cutting against the historical trend of elections featuring
incumbents being won or lost by large margins is that opinion polls have consistently shown Bush and Kerry running neck and neck.
For somebody who's been an
incumbent who was actually elected and not appointed, it's actually pretty rare to see a contested race," he said.
Petition challenges were filed against 142 of those candidates, including five
incumbents.
The authors found that the largest price cuts by
incumbents in response to entry came when entrants priced their services at deep discounts to prevailing prices.
Incumbents typically have advantages in organization and expertise that make their expenditures more efficient and therefore more effective dollar for dollar than those of challengers.
This helps explain why over 90 percent of
incumbents have won reelection in every year since 1974.
It captures the effects of campaign expenditures, tenure, the consistency of the
incumbent's votes with his constituents' preferences, and the size of the voter turnout on the votes received by
incumbents and challengers in four congressional elections between 1978 and 1984.
The
incumbents still dominate the liberalised fixed-line market in each country, a situation partly brought about by the regulators which have been slow to complete the prerequisite analysis of 18 communications markets to identify market inefficiencies and recommend Significant Market Power (SMP) obligations.
Board of Assessors Co three-year term;
incumbent Donlin Murray took out papers.
