(67,68) The previously recognized unclassified type was eliminated based on insufficient evidence that it is different from sex cord-stromal tumors with entrapped, nonneoplastic
germ cells. (69) One could also make an argument that gonado-blastoma is not a true mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor because the sex cord cell component is almost certainly nonneoplastic and that it is, instead, a distinctive form of GCNIS with a characteristic morphology that occurs almost exclusively in the malformed testes of patients with disorders of sex development.
Germ-cell tumours occur when cancer develops from
germ cells outside of the ovaries or testicles.
A number of
germ cells seemed to be close to the ovarian surface epithelium and were shaded from the surface (figure 2C).
It is especially noteworthy that TERT is associated with TGCT because testicular
germ cells are one of the rare cell types with high levels of telomerase expression in adults.
Actually, such characteristics were proved to be inherited from
germ cells even prior to fertilization.
Naito et al., "Specific autoantigens identified by sera obtained from mice that are immunized with testicular
germ cells alone," Scientific Reports, vol.
Germ cell tumors are common neoplasms that occur within the pediatric population.
The presence of sustentacular cells with high amounts of Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone progressed meiotic division, reduced apoptosis and enhanced survival of
germ cells in cultured human testis tissue or cell suspensions (Tesarik et al., 1998; Tesarik et al., 2001).
Benign Cystic Teratoma is the most common
germ cell tumours that tend to be grossly and microscopically distinctive, as they contain skin and skin appendages as well as benign tissues derived from other
germ cell layers.
The third hypothesis would suggest the presence of totipotent
germ cells at the site of the primary metastasis that survived the first chemotherapy and gave rise to differentiation into teratoma and the STM.
However, we show that the ability of a specific folate to stimulate
germ cells is independent of its role as a vitamin, implying that it acts directly as a signaling molecule."
The origin of majority of the tumors is from
germ cells, and more than half of the tumors may contain more than one tumor type.