The California Supreme Court did not explicitly address this type of market
externality logic.
Based on the above, it can be found that the issue of
externality of the vacancy rate, fare, and subsidy of the taxi industry has rarely been presented in the prior research related to the optimization of taxi regulation.
A justice-sensitive
externality account has significant reach.
We use two variables to measure the accident
externality. (3) One is the average number of kilometers driven per vehicle since the more kilometers that other drivers cover, the greater the potential for each driver to risk causing an accident.
That is, if an act results in a negative
externality, refraining from that act necessarily creates a positive
externality, and vice versa.
The emerging understanding on scale and scope of climate change problem is also supported by studies in climate economics where it has been declared a serious case of market failure and
externality of uncontrolled industrial activity in the past few centuries.
The previous section demonstrated that city shapes were strongly correlated, not with the size of retail externalities in total, but with the size of the
externality effect falling within city borders.
One way of alleviating the problem of externalities would be for the two separate firms to merge so that the
externality is internalized and at a cost much less than if regulatory policies were instated.
Pecuniary and Technological
Externality, Factor Rents, and Social Costs.
The direct effect of network
externality is felt when the number of users or customers for a product or service increases.
As Di Giovanni writes, the Logic embodies a "movement by which thought develops into ever more complex forms and which can be traced from within thought itself simply by pursuing its internal logic." (6) In the Philosophy of Spirit, Hegel writes that language is an internal
externality, (7) and, in the Encyclopedia Logic, he writes that thought (Denken) is the (spiritual) substance of things in the world.
To illustrate this, consider a common market failure, an '
externality', and how it might apply to PIA.