If the global business elite is serious about action on climate change, it should advocate for an international agreement to impose a carbon price on conventional jet fuel, whether via an
explicit tax or through a green-fuel mandate requiring a gradually rising proportion of zero-carbon bio or synthetic fuel.
The treaty states that Seneca lands in New York should be protected "from all taxes, and assessments for roads, highways, or any other purpose until such lands shall be sold and conveyed by the said Indians." The Perkinses argued that this section of the treaty was an
explicit tax exemption that covered their mining business, as the gravel had come from Seneca land.
Esteban Rossi-Hansberg said that informality exists because there is an
explicit tax involved in formalizing an operation tax contributions and addition al labor costs--and an implicit one, so long as the informal companies are not punished for not complying with tax and business obligations.
Where the federal tax law provides
explicit tax elections (e.g., a married couple's choice to file jointly or separately), however, state legislators must decide not only whether the state law will conform to the federal law (i.e., affording taxpayers the same choice for state tax purposes), but legislators must also decide whether to bind each taxpayer, for state tax purposes, to the taxpayer's federal tax choices.
However, these four technical issues--difficulty with costing these deviations, the risk of perceived criticism, the unclear boundaries of the benchmark, and the difficulty in identifying possible objectives for the implicit expenditures--may also apply to
explicit tax expenditures.
That is in addition to
explicit tax hikes on income, capital gains, and dividends, the implicit ones on energy via cap-and-trade, and so forth.
means that the
explicit tax rate on labor income will be correspondingly
The cost to taxpayers of an
explicit tax extends far beyond the dollars remitted to the taxing authority.
The identification of the disguised head tax is persuasive, and it is almost certainly true that lawmakers designing an
explicit tax to finance health care for the uninsured would not have chosen a head tax.
The cost of tax avoidance described in Miller and Scholes (1978) is a good example of a nonpecuniary tax.4 The cost to taxpayers of an
explicit tax extends far beyond the dollars remitted to the taxing authority.
It happens that the R&D account gets
explicit tax treatment, so it's easier there to sketch the adverse consequence of neglect of asset stewardship.
where [m.sup.e.sub.i] is i's implicit MTR for the NIT, [m.sup.c.sub.i] is a household's implicit MTR from the EITC, and [m.sup.t.sub.j] is the MTR from the
explicit tax on labor income.
