Our second example focuses on Vista International High School (VIHS), a diverse urban high school in Washington state, with
ELLs making up nearly a third of its enrollment.
Within this broader field a largely unexplored area of research is preservice teachers' instructional decision making as it relates to linguistically and culturally diverse students in general and
ELLs in particular.
At the heart of Chapter 4 is the impact that social and emotional complications have on
ELLs' academic performance.
At the time that IDEA 2004 was passed, there was very little research on the use of research-based interventions with
ELLs. Conway, Christensen, Russell, and Brown (2000) had conducted a study of principals' perceptions of prereferral intervention with
ELLs that indicated teachers were unwilling or unable to implement research-based intervention because they lacked the requisite training and resources.
* Urban cities (14% enrollment) tend to have more
ELLs than suburban (8.9%) and rural (3.5%) areas
These studies suggest that school counselors can have a positive or negative influence on the academic outcomes of
ELLs. Although some information about how school counselors work with
ELLs is available, further research pertaining to counselor preparation and training and counselor readiness to work with
ELLs is needed.
Beyond the different usage patterns of LI and
ELL students, an
ELL lab is able to offer more holistic support for
ELLs.
Considering deliberation with
ELLs highlights how language choice is reflective of power relations within a society and how certain groups are advantaged or disadvantaged by what is deemed acceptable language.
Van
Ells is a professor of history at Queensborough Community College of the City University of New York.
"Title I of NCLB requires that
ELLS attending public schools at levels K-12 should be assessed in the various language domains ...
The content of the Student Teaching Seminar addressed practical applications in meeting the needs of
ELLs. Researchers recommended "providing opportunities for mainstream teacher candidates to consult and collaborate with
ELL specialized teachers and teacher candidates to illuminate the benefits of professional collaborations and information exchange.