Argentina for instance has taken back control of YPF from its Spanish owners, Repsol; TNK-BP's troubles in Russia seem to be never-ending; and there's even
creeping expropriation in places such as the UK and Australia, where tax regimes have sharpened with little warning.
Our presence in a deal not only compensates an investor in the case of expropriation,
creeping expropriation, war and civil disturbance or breach of contract.
Exposure to political unrest will only grow as global business continues to expand into new and often hostile territories where the threat of resource nationalism,
creeping expropriation and supply chain vulnerability is increasing," said Grahame Millwater, Willis Group president.
The US treaty, for example, protects all kinds of investments and guarantees the investor the better national treatment or MFN (Most Favoured Nation) treatment; international standards apply to expropriation, including
creeping expropriation.
An exception to this are articles focusing on corruption, a form of
creeping expropriation.
expropriation decree, no act of
creeping expropriation, and no
In countries where local authorities are both owners of key corporations and the regulators of market competition, the potential of
creeping expropriation through punitive regulatory measures is therefore a very real concern.
02(b) exclusion, the relevant question is "whether the remaining acts, standing alone, constitute
creeping expropriation.
With political risks such as currency inconvertibility or
creeping expropriation added, some emerging markets present truly formidable barriers.
A cursory assessment may overlook types of risk--seeing a national guarantee against expropriation, for instance, while overlooking the potential for
creeping expropriation through punitive regulatory measures--or key sources of exposure--outsourcing arrangements, just-in-time inventory management and logistics streamlining.
