5] European Committee for Standardization (Cen) EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures--Test method for hot mix asphalt--Part 26:
Complex modulus, Brussels, Belgium 2003.
4 represents the energy dissipation obtained during one cycle of
complex modulus test.
Asphalt rubber blends with relatively lower
complex modulus (G*) and higher phase angles are more ductile and flexible, resulting in more crack resistant materials, whereas blends with relatively higher
complex modulus (G*) and lower phase angles are more elastic and deformation resistant.
absolute value of
complex modulus ([absolute value of [G.
Comparison of phase angle ([delta]) versus absolute value of the
complex modulus [absolute value of [G.
Figure 5a and b illustrates the evolution of the
complex modulus values at 90[degrees]C of the mobile and rigid amorphous phases of PET.
Torque,
complex modulus and viscosity are measured at a preselected strain amplitude.
In this range, the stress response is directly proportional to the strain value and the
complex modulus is independent of the strain level [14, 15].
Loss compliance, J" is the ratio of loss modulus, E", to the square of the
complex modulus, [E*.
Figure 3 shows the vG-P plots of phase angle ([delta]) as a function of the absolute values of
complex modulus (|G*|) for the neat PVDF and PCBp.
The variable time function allows measurements to duplicate traditional curemeter testing and generates
complex modulus and viscosity data over time at constant strain amplitude and frequency, according to the literature.
This formation increases the
complex modulus, which indicates resistance to rutting and contributes to good elastic properties of the modified BIT (4), (6).
