Furthermore, Panel B of Table II reports
blockholder information.
2016), are more likely to experience business failure (Johnson and Milton 2003), and increase the
blockholder rent appropriation (Sun et al.
blockholder, the inquiry is highly fact intensive, and one must not
H1: The degree of earnings management tends to diminish as the level ownership concentration (family, institutional or
blockholder) increases.
This study considers
blockholder ownership which is very relevant to the context of this study; Nigerian corporate market is dominated with
blockholder ownership.
Blockholder monitoring and the efficiency of payperformance benchmarking.
In contrast, this study examines the relations between government ownership and firm performance (the terms "firm performance" and "firm valuation" are used interchangeably below) from the corporate governance perspective, focusing on listed firms with at least one government
blockholder.
The hypothesis that a nonfinancial firm as the controlling shareholder may induce higher dividend payout is tested with the use of a dummy variable that is set to 1 when there is such a
blockholder. Then we construct a cross variable that interacts earnings for firm i at time t ([E.sub.i,t]) and the dummy variable (NFFCS) that indicates the presence of a nonfinancial firm that holds more that 50% of voting shares.
Schnitzler's finding that the identity of the activist
blockholderNor do we discuss companies with a dominant
blockholder that exerts considerable influence without having a lock on control.
The heterogeneity of goals of multiple family owners introduces unique agency problems, which Zellweger and Kammerlander refer to as
blockholder conflicts.