The market value of the issued warrants is calculated on basis of the
Black-Scholes model with a volatility calculated as 51.52%, an interest level of 0% and a share price of DKK 3.46.
The
Black-Scholes model incorporates variables such as stock prices, dividends, option strike price, interest rates, expiration date and volatility to calculate an expected value for an option contract.
To achieve this isolation, a
Black-Scholes model was used, supposing a one-year, European put option on systemic assets held by the banking system against the government.
The market value of the issued warrants is calculated on basis of the
Black-Scholes model with a volatility calculated as 52%, an interest level of 0.53% and a share price of DKK 1.01.
In this paper, we considered a simple and robust numerical algorithm for the construction of a time-dependent volatility function from a finite set of market observations by the
Black-Scholes model. In order to numerically solve the BS equation, we applied a fully implicit finite difference method.
He covers models on finite probability spaces, utility maximization under transaction costs: the case of finite omega, growth-optimal portfolio in the
Black-Scholes model, general duality theory, local duality theory, portfolio optimization under transaction costs, shadow price process, and a case study of fractional Brownian motion.
The discontinuous models describing jump risk from exogenous shock worth studying and De Spiegeleer and Schoutens (2012) [11] also suggest their
Black-Scholes model to be extended to the model driven by Levy process to incorporate jumps and heavy tails to improve accuracy for CoCos pricing.
Two researchers from the Universidad Surcolombiana (Neiva, Colombia), in their own words: "analyze the environment and the dynamics of the
Black-Scholes model starting from a stochastic differential equation that explains the evolution of the future prices of an asset" and with these defined guidelines, applied to a three-year data set--the daily closing prices of Ecopetrol and Pacific Exploration shares- are aimed to establishing which of the two oil companies have the lowest risk at the time of investing.
Pindyck (1984) then applied option pricing to a renewable resource in property rights appraisals and, later in the same year, Shaffer (1984) reported on valuation of long-term timber cutting contracts using the
Black-Scholes model. Brennan and Schwartz (1985) subsequently applied a real options approach to value non-renewable natural resources.
After the proposition of Black and Scholes options valuation model, Dan Galai (1977) conducted one of the first tests of market efficiency by identifying mispriced options using
Black-Scholes model on Chicago Board of Options Exchange (CBOE).
Taking China Guodian warrants for example, we will use the new model presented in this paper and
Black-scholes model to reprice the warrants and obtain the error between theoretical and empirical price to reflect the rationality of the model proposed.
The celebrated
Black-Scholes model is based on several restrictive assumptions such as liquid, frictionless, and complete markets.
