The second generation agreements with the
Andean Pact countries were known as cooperation agreements.
By 1990, the
Andean Pact process focused on redressing the social and economic woes caused in the region by the US-fueled drug trade.
The Andean region has also undergone institutional reform, sealed in 1996 with the Protocol of Trujillo, which substituted the
Andean Pact with the Andean Community and created the Andean Integration System.
The preceding amendments were of a more limited scope and essentially addressed questions of adherence and withdrawal." John Pate, Introduction to
Andean Pact: Official Codified Text of the Cartagena Agreement Incorporating the Quito Protocol, May 25, 1988, 28 I.L.M.
Nongovernmental groups that track these negotiations learned that the United States in June had forced the negotiators of the
Andean Pact nations to enter a secret agreement of confidentiality about all phases of the negotiating details.
And Colombia, through the
Andean Pact, enjoys good access to both Europe and North America.
Table 1 presents the results from four different scenarios, the accession to NAFTA of, Chile, the
Andean Pact (Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Colombia, and Bolivia), Mercosur (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay), and a Western Hemisphere FTA including all countries in the first three groups.
Finally, NAI reported that in Latin America and the Caribbean, the outlook for investment is strong in Mexico, Brazil, Chile,
Andean Pact countries and the Caribbean markets.
He finds that by the end of the period under study, Latin America had entered a condition of widespread stable peace, and it was on the brink of evolving into two pluralistic security communities (MERCOSUR and the
Andean Pact).
There are a handful of other agreements whose dispute settlement procedures changed over time--namely the
Andean Pact, Central American Common Market (CACM), Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR), AFTA, and a few bilateral EFTA agreements.
For Argentina, this translates to a membership in the Mercosur, while Colombia is a member of the
Andean Pact.
