Financial leverage
Use of debt to increase the expected return on equity. Financial leverage is measured by the ratio of debt to debt plus equity.
Financial Leverage
1. To use debt to finance an activity. For example, one usually borrows money in the form of a mortgage to buy a house. One commonly refers to this as leveraging the house. Likewise, one leverages when one uses a margin in order to purchase securities.
2. The amount of debt that has been used to finance activities. A company with much more debt than equity is generally called "highly leveraged." Too much leverage is often thought to be unhealthy, but many firms use leverage in order to expand operations.
2. The amount of debt that has been used to finance activities. A company with much more debt than equity is generally called "highly leveraged." Too much leverage is often thought to be unhealthy, but many firms use leverage in order to expand operations.
| financial leverage The extent to which interest on debt magnifies changes in operating income into even greater proportionate changes in earnings after taxes. Financial leverage magnifies increases in earnings per share during periods of rising operating income but adds significant risks for stockholders and creditors because of added interest obligations. Compare operating leverage. See also debt management ratio, debt-to-equity ratio. Case Study Financial leverage results from utilizing debt to finance assets. The greater the ratio of funds contributed by creditors compared to funds contributed by stockholders, the greater a firm's financial leverage. Financial leverage magnifies changes in net income compared to changes in operating income. For example, financial leverage might cause a firm's reported net income to increase by 30% when operating income increases by 20%. Without financial leverage the 20% increase in operating income would produce an equal percentage increase in net income. The magnification operates both upward and downward, which means stockholders benefit from financial leverage when times are good and operating income is increasing but their investment in the firm can be at substantial risk when times are bad and operating income is falling. In late 2001 Italian automaker Fiat announced a restructuring intended to reduce financial leverage by halving the firm's debt of nearly  7.5 billion. As part of the restructuring Fiat said it would sell 2 billion of assets, undertake a 1 billion rights offering to sell new stock, and issue $2.2 billion in bonds exchangeable for the firm's holding of General Motors Corporation common stock. The restructuring package was intended to increase equity at the same time it reduced the firm's debt, both of which would decrease financial leverage and dampen fluctuations in net income. At the time, Fiat was struggling as Europe's fifth-largest automaker. |
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