Cash flow

Cash flow

In investments, cash flow represents earnings before depreciation, amortization, and non-cash charges. Sometimes called cash earnings. Cash flow from operations (called funds from operations by real estate and other investment trusts) is important because it indicates the ability to pay dividends.

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cash flow

The amount of net cash generated by an investment or a business during a specific period. One measure of cash flow is earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. Because cash is the fuel that drives a business, many analysts consider cash flow to be a company's most important financial statistic. Firms with big cash flows are frequently takeover targets because acquiring firms know that the cash can be used to help pay off the costs of the acquisitions. See also free cash flow.

Case Study Financial analysts generally consider cash flow to be the best measure of a company's financial health. Increased cash flow means more funds are available to pay dividends, service or reduce debt, and invest in new assets. On the other hand, reported net income is heavily influenced by a firm's accounting practices. Reduced income generally means lower taxes and more cash, thus the same accounting practices that reduce net income can actually increase cash flow. A firm with large amounts of new investments and corresponding high depreciation charges might report low or negative earnings at the same time it has large cash flows to service debt and to acquire additional assets. Cable companies have huge investment requirements and are typical of firms that may be quite healthy in spite of reporting net losses. In early 1996, TCI Communications, at the time the nation's largest cable operator, reported fourth-quarter results that included a net loss of $70 million, more than double the loss reported in the year-earlier quarter. At the same time, the firm added more than a million new customers and reported a 25% increase in revenues. It also reported a 5% increase in cash flow. Thus, although TCI reported an additional loss, the quarter was generally considered quite successful. Operating cash flow, calculated as cash flow (the sum of net income and noncash expenses such as depreciation, depletion, and amortization) plus interest expense plus income tax expense, is an important consideration in corporate acquisitions because it indicates the cash flow that is available to service a firm's debt.

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Cash flow. Cash flow is a measure of changes in a company's cash account during an accounting period, specifically its cash income minus the cash payments it makes.

For example, if a car dealership sells $100,000 worth of cars in a month and spends $35,000 on expenses, it has a positive cash flow of $65,000. But if it takes in only $35,000 and has $100,000 in expenses, it has a negative cash flow of $65,000.

Investors often consider cash flow when they evaluate a company, since without adequate money to pay its bills, it will have a hard time staying in business.

You can calculate whether your personal cash flow is positive or negative the same way you would a company's. You'd subtract the money you receive (from wages, investments, and other income) from the money you spend on expenses (such as housing, transportation, and other costs).

If there's money left over, your cash flow is positive. If you spend more than you have coming in, it's negative.