joint supply

joint supply

joint-stock company is formed, then it becomes a separate legal entity apart from its shareholders, able to enter into contracts with suppliers and customers. Joint-stock companies are managed by the BOARD OF DIRECTORS appointed by shareholders. The directors must report on the progress of the company to the shareholders at an ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING where shareholders can, in principle, vote to remove existing directors if they are dissatisfied with their performance.

The development of joint stock companies was given a considerable boost by the introduction of the principle of LIMITED LIABILITY, which limited the maximum loss that a shareholder was liable for in the event of company failure. This protection for shareholders encouraged many more of them to invest in companies.

There are two main forms of joint stock company:

1. private company: under UK company law, the maximum number of shareholders in a private company is limited to 50 and the shares the company issues cannot be bought and sold on the STOCK EXCHANGE. Such companies carry the term ‘limited’ (Ltd) after their names;
2. public company: under UK company law there must be a minimum of seven shareholders in a public company, but otherwise a company can have an unlimited number of shareholders. Shares in a public company can be bought and sold on the stock exchange and so can be bought by the general public. Such companies carry the term ‘public limited company’ (plc) after their names.

Most big firms (OLIGOPOLISTS) are public companies, since this is the only practical way of obtaining access to large amounts of capital. Although the shareholders are the owners of a public company, very often it is the company's management that effectively controls its affairs. See FIRM, DIVORCE OF OWNERSHIP FROM CONTROL, SHARE ISSUE.

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joint supply

a situation where the increase or decrease in PRODUCTION of one good is inextricably linked to a greater or lesser extent with the production of another. An example of joint supply is wool and mutton. An increase in the DEMAND for wool increases the SUPPLY of sheep, which in turn brings about an autonomous shift (increase) in the SUPPLY CURVE of mutton. As a result, if the demand for mutton remains unchanged, the PRICE of mutton will fall. See COMPLEMENTARY PRODUCTS.

Collins Dictionary of Economics, 4th ed. © C. Pass, B. Lowes, L. Davies 2005