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ultra vires

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Ultra Vires Activities

Activities in which a publicly-traded company engages that are outside the powers delegated to it in its charter and/or bylaws. Every publicly-traded company has a charter and bylaws, which both outline the powers of executives and the board of directors and actions they are allowed to take. While both the charter and the bylaws can be amended by shareholders, companies sometimes take actions outside the scope of their charters without first receiving permission to do so. If shareholders deem ultra vires activities to be harmful to them or to have the potential of harm, they may sue the company for damages.
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ultra vires

(of an action by a JOINT-STOCK COMPANY) exceeding its powers as defined in its MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION. For example, if a company's memorandum authorizes it to trade in the motorcar business, and its directors then set up an ice-cream business, then they may be regarded as trading ultra vires and the company's CONTRACTS with ice-cream suppliers and customers may be regarded as void. To avoid falling foul of the ultra vires doctrine, companies now tend to draw up very wide-ranging business powers in the MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION.
Collins Dictionary of Business, 3rd ed. © 2002, 2005 C Pass, B Lowes, A Pendleton, L Chadwick, D O’Reilly and M Afferson
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(3) McLachlin CJC, writing on behalf of Binnie, Fish, and Charron JJ, held that the entire AHR Act was intra vires Parliament.
Blunting the edge: federalism, criminal law, and the importance of legislative history after the Reference Re Assisted Human Reproduction Act
C.A.), permitting civil found intra vires in Federated "protection orders" to be obtained Anti-Poverty Groups of British by targets of stalkers; if such an Columbia v.
The temptation of provincial criminal law
II) Rule 201(a) of the Prisons' Rules as intra vires, because there is a reasonable and rationale classification specifying a class of persons and still leaving the discretion for the federal or provincial government and competent authority in the said provision.
President has authority to grant pardon, rules SC
No matter how the conclusion is drawn, one wonders whether any useful purpose is served by qualifying intra vires acts and ultra vires acts equally as acts of the state, if, all other conditions being equal, different legal consequences ensue in terms of state responsibility.
The individual as beneficiary of state immunity: problems of the attribution of ultra vires conduct
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