Any
offering of
stock by a
publicly-traded company. If it is the first such offering, it is called an initial public offering (IPO); otherwise, it is called a
follow-on offering. A company makes a new issue through
underwriters, who have the responsibility to place the offering with individual and institutional
investors. Companies make new issues in order to raise financing for expanded operations, or because they have become cash poor and need to finance their current operations. The offerings themselves give investors a portion of
ownership in the company issuing them.