This ratio, which was developed by Nobel laureate William Sharpe in 1966, is calculated by taking the
excess return of an investment over the risk-free rate and dividing it by its standard deviation.
For example, the
excess return you expect to receive investing in stocks vs.
Here RE it represents
excess returns on portfolios at "i "time t; is [alpha]i intercept of portfolio i; rM is the
excess return on market, [beta]E is coefficient of excess market return, and it is found by regressing
excess returns of the portfolio with excess market returns.
At the same time, since Treasury securities typically have lower
excess returns than equities, adding them to the market proxy lowers the average
excess return on the market portfolio.
For each firm in the sample, we calculate monthly compounded returns adjusted for splitting and repurchasing for each fiscal year; we then subtract the return to a value-weighted market portfolio (NYSE/NASDAQ/AMEX) from this raw return to determine the net
excess return for the firm's corresponding fiscal year.
The researchers found that monetary momentum was economically different from time-series momentum, which they define as a strategy of investing in the market 15 days before an FOMC meeting whenever the stock market had positive
excess returns over the preceding 12 months, and shorting the market when the market's
excess return was negative.
Plus, Eagle Select Focus 5 is the exclusive home of the brand-new allocation option: The S&P 500(r) Dividend Aristocrats(r) Daily Risk Control 5%
Excess Return with Participation Rate.
The
excess return variable based on EUP2 (equilibrium underwriting profit based on municipal bonds) is not included in this study since it is not expected to make much differences in theory and practice.
Moreover, this trading strategy has worked in two out of every three calendar years with an average of 2.4%
excess return over the B&HS.
As the first futures-based ETF product issued by a Chinese manager, the CSOP Crude Oil ETF provides investment results closely corresponding to the performance of BofA Merrill Lynch Commodity index eXtra CLA Index (
Excess Return), which tracks the performance of December month WTI Futures Contracts and seeks to reduce transaction costs by rolling only once a year.