The subjects were instructed to remain in an orthostatic position immersed in water up to the
xiphoid process for 45 min without performing jerky body movements.
These consisted of three further ports, two in the left flank (10 mm and 5 mm ports), and one 5-mm port in the epigastrium, just inferior to the
xiphoid process. A 30[degrees] scope was used in all cases.
A 5 mm trocar is then inserted in the epigastrium (1 cm below
xiphoid process).
I also suffered a traumatic brain injury, a broken
xiphoid process (bottom piece of the sternum), several broken vertebraes in my lower back, shattered pelvis and right ankle, and lacerated kidney and liver.
A 1.5 cm midline incision was created, beginning just inferior to the level of the
xiphoid process. After entering the abdomen, a self-retaining abdominal wall retractor was used to expose the liver and diaphragm.
* Midaxillary: Vertical fold, on the midaxillary line at the level of
xiphoid process of sternum
Since it is essential for CF patients to maintain and improve mobility of the chest wall, abdominal and thoracic dimensions and kinematics measurements were used as an evaluative method for diaphragmatic breathing excursion to quantify possible alterations in thoracic capacity and abdominal and chest wall compliance as achieved by all expiratory and inspiratory muscles.13 By measuring the abdomen and thorax with a nondistendable measuring tape in centimetres to the nearest 0.1 cm during rest, maximal inspiration and expiration over the second intercostal space,
xiphoid process and mid-point between the
xiphoid process and umbilicus, a competency in diaphragmatic breathing can be demonstrated by a reduction in rib cage excursion.
Next, chest circumference on Th12 height and
xiphoid process and stomach circumference in tuck sit position were measured with a centimeter tape.
The midline incision is continued by divulsion with blunt-pointed scissors up to the
xiphoid process, followed by additional incisions to amplify the surgical fields (Figure 1A).