A firm should have a
target payout ratio and periodically adjust the payout toward the target 3.56 0.82 3.73 5.
Starting from the classical Lintner (1956) model, which describes current dividends as partial adjustment of last year's dividends toward a
target payout ratio, we modify the standard partial adjustment specification to investigate the effect of a change in regulatory policy on firms' dividend behavior.
State Street, which has taken advantage of volatility in Europe before, also expressed its commitment to returning capital to shareholders, with plans for a stock buyback with a
target payout ratio in the range of 20-25%.
The company plans to distribute higher cash flows to shareholders with a medium-term
target payout ratio of 20-40% of IFRS net income, with dividends being paid several times a year.
The
target payout ratio of a firm depend on factors like growth and earning prospects of a particular company; the average cyclical movement of investment opportunities; working capital requirements; and internal fund flows judged by past experience; the relative importance attached by management to long-term capital gain as compared with current dividend income for its stock holders; its access to the capital markets on favorable terms, and company policies with respect to use of outside debt
The estimated coefficients on aggregate affiliate net income and aggregate lagged dividends reported in column 2 imply that parent firms with zero leverage have a
target payout ratio of 50.8%, in contrast to the implied
target payout ratio from column 1 of 61.1%.
"Emerging market firms often do have a
target payout ratio like their developed country counterparts, but they are generally less concerned with volatility in dividends over time and, consequently, dividend smoothing over time is less important" (Glen et al., 1995, p.24).
After giving serious consideration to both an established
target payout ratio and the existing payout ratio, managers adjusted dividends to reflect the change in "permanent" earnings.
If the surplus persists, it may gradually increase its
target payout ratio.]
The dividend policy sets a
target payout ratio of at least 25% of X5's net profit, provided that the company's net debt-to-EBITDA ratio is below 2.0x (2017: 1.7x).