Japanese management is overly conservative, and outside investors have relatively little influence because (1) corporate stock
cross-holdings entrench management, (2) Japanese companies have very low return on equity (ROE), and (3) outside investors value cash (and other assets) on the balance sheet at 50% of face value, which leads to (4) very poor corporate performance and little pressure on management to improve.
A unified Chinese regulator should be in a better position to deal with the increasing complexity of financial activities, particularly the crossover of business between the banking and insurance sectors and
cross-holdings of financial products.
Samsung Electronics is the main company in the group, which the founding family controls via complicated
cross-holdings despite having negligible stakes in it.
Touching on another key issue, Jaitley said there is a need for a debate on the issue of
cross-holdings in the media.
The two companies are ending a pact signed in 2005 that saw the financial institutions own
cross-holdings of each other's' shares.
The move is the latest promotion in recent years of the three heirs of the founding family, which controls Samsung through a complex web of share
cross-holdings in group subsidiaries centred on Everland.
He said these guidelines cover detailed procedures for registration of rating agencies, eligibility norms, terms and conditions of registration,
cross-holdings, methodology for audience measurement, a complaint redressal mechanism, sale and use of ratings, audit, disclosure, reporting requirements and action on non-compliance of guidelines.
Solvay has announced that SolVin and Arkema have decided to each buy back the minority
cross-holdings in the vinyls production joint ventures that are operated by them.
Unibanco and AIG entered into an agreement to repurchase their
cross-holdings in Unibanco AIG.
Noting how these specific drivers can be applied successful in developing countries, this volume describes effective alliances such as licensing, franchising, joint research and development, equity joint ventures and
cross-holdings. Recommendations on international business negotiations, contracts and contract drafting are also provided.