Finally, the stocks within each characteristic portfolio are equally weighted at the beginning of each month and the buy-and-hold average daily returns are computed.
The abnormal return each day is the raw CRSP return less the return on a matched size-B-M-momentum characteristic portfolio. Days where the lagged stock price is less than $1 are excluded.
As benchmarks for some tests, I compute the returns of Daniel, Grinblatt, Titman, and Wermers (1997) (hereafter DGTW) characteristic portfolios from this universe of CRSP stocks.
Thus, AS is the return a fund would have earned if it did no trading and only held broad characteristic portfolios. This measure typically comprises most of a fund's return (the other two measures are return differentials, not return levels), but this return component does not represent any value added by the fund manager over the period studied.
Managers who anticipate the time-varying premium on the various characteristic portfolios can add value.