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Externality

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Externality
The cost or benefits of a transaction to parties who do not directly participate in it. Externality can be either positive or negative. For example, a merger can lead to higher share prices and bonuses for employees, benefiting shareholders and employees at the two companies merging, This can create wealth and positively impact a community. On the other hand, the merger can drive a competitor out of business, which results in layoffs and reduced wealth, which can hurt a community. Externality is also called spillover or the neighborhood effect. See also: External benefit, External cost.
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Carbon taxes impose a charge on fossil fuels that is supposed to represent the negative externality associated with the emissions they produce, thereby nudging markets toward cleaner energy sources.
Is government action worse than global warming? Why policy nihilism ... by Bailey, Ronald / Reason
Spiritual development is a turning of the inside out, a chemical-spiritual interaction for which externality is indispensible.
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One possible externality is the burden of medical treatments, which are largely borne by third parties (the government and insurance companies), for liver cirrhosis and other alcohol-induced illnesses.
Should alcohol taxes be raised? Alcohol tax rates have fallen by half ... by Parry, Ian W.H. / Regulation
 
 
 
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